There’s no “self-image” gene. A child’s sense of who they are is shaped, not stamped at birth. When children hear messages like “You’re kind” or “You’re capable” again and again, they begin to believe it – even if they didn’t at first.

According to sociologist Charles Cooley, children start forming their self-image as early as 18 months old. From that young age, they absorb the words, stories, role models, and affirmations around them like sponges.

Even small, consistent messages, especially positive ones , can shape how they see themselves over time. And the more empowering those messages are, the more powerful their belief in who they can become.